
Throughout the centuries, and throughout Europe, these runes were used as divination tools. By the time of the Viking Age, the Younger Futhark alphabet had been developed as the more common writing system by the Scandinavian people, but the Elder Futhark was still used by the "völva" (professional oracles or seeresses), and its spiritual use was not confined by the borders of Scandinavia. The Elder Futhark runes continued to be used for their spiritual properties after the Viking Age, and have since influenced countless spiritual practices.This chart gives my own personal interpretations of the rune meanings, that I have found through my own practice and research. These interpretations are my attempt at boiling down layers of complicated meaning into a one-word, easily accessible definition. Use it as a jumping-off point for your own practice, with the knowledge that it's just the tip of the iceberg.
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